A recent report has highlighted concerns about the treatment of children with special educational needs in schools. The Runnymede Trust, a charity focused on racial justice, discovered a troubling trend of under-diagnosing special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) among students from minority ethnic backgrounds, particularly Black boys.
The report revealed that Black children, those with SEND, and students receiving free school meals are disproportionately represented in school suspensions and exclusions. Researchers noted that vulnerable pupils are often excluded to safeguard exam results, rather than addressing the root causes such as unmet SEND needs, racial bias, or safeguarding deficiencies.
During the 2023/24 academic year, there were approximately 955,000 suspensions, marking a 21% increase from the previous year, with nearly 11,000 being permanent exclusions. Official data showed that students with identified needs were more than three times as likely to be suspended, and those eligible for free school meals were more than four times as likely compared to their peers.
The report highlighted disparities in suspension rates, with White British pupils having an average rate of 13.69 per 100 students, while Black Caribbean and Mixed White and Black Caribbean pupils had rates of 15.63 and 20.63 respectively. The highest rates were among Traveller of Irish Heritage and Gypsy/Roma children.
Racial bias and stereotypes were cited as contributing factors to the disproportionate exclusion of Black boys. Parents shared distressing experiences, such as children being excluded for minor incidents like bringing a water pistol to school, leading to prolonged periods out of education.
The report emphasized the detrimental effects of school exclusions, stating that they “criminalize and traumatize” children, leaving lasting scars on both them and their families. Previous research indicated that a significant percentage of individuals receiving prison sentences had been suspended from school and identified with SEND during their schooling.
Dr. Shabna Begum, the chief executive of the Runnymede Trust, stressed the negative impact of exclusions on a child’s future, emphasizing the importance of schools nurturing and supporting all students. Efforts are being made to reform the SEND system, with Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson preparing plans to address the crisis and improve training for teachers in special educational needs.
In conclusion, the report underscores the urgency of addressing the systemic issues contributing to the disproportionate exclusion of vulnerable students, emphasizing the need for inclusive and supportive educational environments for all children.